LEDs, short for Light Emitting Diodes, are tiny semiconductor chips that generate light when electrified. It takes a small amount of electricity to make an LED glow (emit electrons), and the elements that the diode is made from determine the light spectrum it emits. An LED is backed by an internal reflector and encased in an epoxy body with an integrated lens. Together, these components determine the angle of the light emitted by the diode, which is shaped as a downward- facing cone. Individual LEDs produce relatively small light cones, so they are clustered into arrays so the light cones overlap, increasing light intensity and coverage area.
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