Just found out why railroads almost always painted their water tanks, bunker oil tanks, and sand towers dead black: Black is a heat sink, and on sunny days it made their contents significantly warmer than if the tanks had been painted (for instance) silver.
Warm water requires less fuel to be heated to a boil, bunker oil flows much more easily at higher temps, and the warmth tended to cook any remaining moisture out of the sand in the tower and let it flow into the locomotives more easily as well.
So obvious once it's been explained... (DOH!)
~ Pete