I figured that since that part of the axle is the inner race for that needle bearing mild steel weldment wasn't going to last long . This was the second go-round , he'd worn out both the original bearing and an offset bearing . IMO a needle bearing in that location on a truck isn't a very good idea . Snag
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The Navy had a metal spraying rig meant to repair worn shaft journals on ships at sea. I think it deposited nickel that wasn't as durable as the original.
I rebuilt the battered tip of a splitting maul with weld, either MIG or hardface stick, I considered both and have forgotten which I used, and it's held up well. Unlike an axle it was easy to grind to acceptable shape. My grandmother had asked my uncle to remove a bothersome high lump on their granite entry step and he decided that wrecking a tool was safer and better than displeasing his strict mother. Granite rejects were common and cheap or free there, the quarry was visible from the house.
Needle bearings made from pipe and welding rod have worked well for me on low speed yard equipment and my sawmill. The races for DIY ball thrust bearings can be turned with the sharpened back end of a carbide drill bit held slightly off vertical. HSS bits are soft in that area.