I have a photo of a Grumman F5F-1 Skyrocket from 1940 with yellow wings. I have read that any fighter before April (?) 1940 would have been done up with Yellow wings. After that point, aircraft were painted some form of O.D. Green over grey. The Air Trails Annual from
1941 shows a P-35 in NMF with pre-war stars (with red ball) and candy stripe rudder, so the yellow wings would have been gone by that point. According to the 1957 Air Trails Annual, the yellow wings were done away with in 1940. If you'd like, send me an e-mail and I'll attach the articles in question and send them to you as they've all been scanned. My e-dress is braungart (at) verizon (dot) net.
In Army service combat aircraft went to natural metal finishes starting in
1937, and then went to OD over gray camouflage in 1940...and even then it wasn't a universal shift. The yellow wings persisted in Primary and Basic trainers, as well as in some Advanced trainers.
The Navy, Marines and Coast Guard kept the (chrome) yellow in their schemes a little while longer, but likewise combat planes shifted to gray camouflage in 1940. Coast Guard flying boats kept the yellow wings (and tails) with natural metal fuselages for a while till they were forced by wartime necessity to draw aircraft from Navy stocks in Navy blue camo. Again, if it was a non-combat type such as a trainer or liason transport, it was more likely to be still in yellow paint.
Big reason for yellow wings is finding crashed aircraft. Post WWII some B-17s were painted that way. Air Sea Rescue had a lot colored in large swaths of yellow. Later international orange / red was a favorite, especially in SAC where they were flying in the Northern parts of Canada were even as late as 1950s lots of areas on maps were marked 'unexplored'. International orange was on a lot of MATS aircraft flying over the Pacific, at least until Vietnam started up. Paint was sort of gritty. Maintenance used to give the old cans away if you wanted them on base. Not a lot of takers.
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