From: daestrom (daestrom@NO_SPAM_HEREtwcny.rr.com) If you put the galvonometer (or light bulb) on the rotating assembly so that every bit of the whole thing rotates with the magnet *BUT* shield the galvonometer wiring from the magnetic field so it moves in a weaker field strength, there *is* still a net induction. If the galvonometer and associated wiring are rotating in the same strength magnetic field, then the forces on the electrons in the wire exactly match and cancel the forces on the electrons in the disk and not EMF is available.
Feynman (a famous 20th century physicist), devoted a couple of lectures on the 'exceptions to the flux rule'. It is interesting to point out, that the homopolar generator is an *exception* to Faraday's rule.
But getting back to the original idea, the only way to use this and the earth's magnetic field to generate power would be if the return path of the current could be made via a different route through the core of the planet and not along its surface so that it would be in a different strength field. If radial 'spokes' from the pole spread out and have an EMF induced in them from this affect, then any return path back to the pole would have a similar EMF. Even the very ground itself (slightly conductive, but certainly containing many electrons) has an EMF already induced in it and everything that we put there would have exactly the same EMF resulting in zero voltage available. This would be akin to the galvonometer on the rotating assembly in the same field strength.
Reply from stone2: Since this involves metal cables layed out like spokes in a wheel rotating through a stationary magnetic field there should be a charge separation in the cables, one charge pushed to the north pole end and the opposite charge pushed to the southward ends of the cables. (This would imitate the separation of charge in Faraday's homopolar generator; one charge at the center and the other charge at the rim of the disc.) I am saying that no return path for the current should be needed. I am saying connect the southward end of the cable to a direct current motor, and connect the other lead of the motor to a ground wire that is near the southward end of the cable at the same lattitude. Since the cable is a good conductor, and the ground is a poor conductor, there should be a much larger charge on the southward end of the cable then there is on a ground wire at that place. So there should be a potential difference voltage between the southward end of the cable and the ground wire; this should produce a constant current through the motor as the cable is constantly moved through the magnetic field by the Earth's rotation. This motion through the field constantly resupplying the charge to the south end of the cable. [The cables at the northpole end, where the spoke meet, are connected to nothing. Charge that is pushed northward could be allowed to escape into the air with a corona discharge or something similar. The north end of the cables could be flayed into individual strands of wire to increase the surface area with the air, to help this to happen. ] This is my question: The Faraday rotating disc has a charge at the center of the disc and opposite charge at the rim of the disc; brushes pick up potential difference in these two areas. Take the Faraday rotating disk and connect the brush at the rim to one lead of a voltmeter and connect the other lead of the voltmeter to a neutral ground wire. Shouldn't there be a potential difference voltage between this one brush and the ground wire? This is essentially the same thing that I am suggesting to be done with the cables. Get a constant current between the southward end of the cables and ground wires near those ends, because of a larger charge on the cable end then there is in the ground wires. If you are trying to say that the ground at that area would have the same charge as the cable end, I disagree with you. That is like saying you could put a non conductive disc on the homopolar generator and get the same voltage. That would not happen. [This should not require a return path so no back emf is produced to interfere with it.] The northward end of the cables need not be connected to anything. Electrons can be released into the air and picked up from the air, as the motion of the cable through the stationary magnetic field continues to push charges in the cables. {An induction coil generator has coils with a return path. But the homopolar generator does not use coils so no return path is necessary. It is a simple charge separation in a conductor; no return path is needed if you can get a voltage between just one end of the cable and a ground wire.} I am saying don't connect between both ends of the cables. I am saying connect between one end of the cables and a ground wire near that end. The cable is such a better conductor than the ground that there should be a potential difference between these two. Connect a direct current motor between these two. This is something like what power companies do, having one hot wire with a potential different from ground; or your car battery, having one hot lead and the other grounded to the car body. Any comments:
daestrom P.S. If you like to see some of the physics, http://128.148.60.98/physics/demopages/Demo/em/demo/5k1080.htm
original idea: Free electricity from the Earth rotating through its own magnetic field using the homopolar generator effect. The homopolar generator has a conducting disc rotating along with an axially mounted cylinder magnet; the disc is cemented near the pole of the magnet. Rotating through the magnetic field, a potential difference is between the center of the disc and its rim. Brushes pick up voltage here. The truly unique invention made December 26, 1831 consisted of the discovery that the magnet and disc could be cemented together, rotated jointly, and the same voltage could be obtained by sliding contacts touching the centre and edge of the conducting disc as was obtained when the magnet was fixed and the disc rotated alone. [By cementing a copper disc on top of a cylinder magnet, and rotating the magnet and disc together, Faraday created an electrical potential. After pondering this phenomenon for many years, he concluded that when a magnet is rotated, its magnetic field remains stationary. Thus, he reasoned, the metal of the magnet moves through its own field, and the relative motion is translated into electrical potential. Faraday's experiments led him to the revolutionary conclusion that a magnetic field is a property of space itself, not something attached to the magnet, which merely serves to induce or evoke the field.] The Earth is doing essentially the same thing; it rotates through its own magnetic field. The rotating Earth is therefore a big homopolar generator. However, any circuit contacts used to pick up voltage potential difference on the Earth, would be rotating along with the Earth. So sliding contacts or brushes would not be needed, and also, a rotating conductive disk would not be needed. All that would be needed is conductive cables. Emf is generated in a conductor which is perpendicular to the flux lines and velocity. Near the magnetic poles of the Earth the flux lines are pointed upward, and the rotation of the Earth would carry the conductive cables in a west to East motion as the Earth rotates through its own magnetic field. So, just like there is a charge separation in faraday?s rotating disc from the center of the disc to its rim, on the rotating Earth there would be a charge separation from the Earth?s north magnetic pole to the end of any conductive cable that is positioned running southward. There is a fundamental problem with picking up potential difference voltage on the Earth: Sliding contacts were needed, brushes, with the rotating Faraday generator because the wiring does not rotate with it. When the wiring *does* rotate, you get an equal and opposite EMF induced in it. Result - no current. In the case with the rotating Earth, this would be true if the potential difference is picked up between both ends of the cable, and the result would be no current. You can overcome this problem by picking up an electrical potential between only one end of the cable (the end away from the magnetic pole), and a ground wire positioned near this end. In this case there would be no opposite EMF and you would get a direct current. So here is the wiring set-up that I think would work to get electricity from the Earth?s rotation through its own magnetic field: Run cables from the magnetic north pole going like spokes in a wheel with one end of the spokes at the pole. The cables are run over ground that is an insulator or poor conductor. There would be a separation of charge in the conductive cables and not in the ground under the cables. There should be a potential difference voltage between the other ends of the cables, that are southward, and ground wires near those ends. A constant current should be produced between the cable ends and the ground wires as the Earth rotates through its own magnetic field. Direct current motors could be set up and attached to the ground wires and the cable ends. These motors turn Alternating Current generators, and the AC that is produced is stepped up to high voltage by transformers and then fed into high voltage power lines for distribution to the cities. These are the two important aspects that would make this work: [This should work without sliding contacts because you are taking voltage from only one end of the cable and are not taking it from both ends, so there should be no back EMF voltage to interfere with it. There would be separtaion of charge in the cables, and no separation of charge in the ground, so you should have a potential difference voltage between the cable ends and the ground wires.] This whole thing could be set up at the south magnetic pole. There are also other considerations. Because this is done in a cold climate, near the poles, there would be less resistence in the cables. Also, large diameter cables could be used to decrease resistence. Experiments could be done on different lengths of cable to find out how long it needs to be to get any useful current and how long the cable should be to get the maximum current. Also, if large voltage is acquired then the direct current motors could be the type that run on large voltage. If only small voltage and large amperage is acquired, then the direct current motors could be of a type that run on large amperage and low voltage ? depending on how the motor coils are wrapped in the motor. Also the homopolar generator is much more efficient than an induction coil and the magnetic field of the Earth should be stronger near the poles.
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