Liquid Heat Pipe Design, Orientation & Wicking Material

Jun 22, 2006 7 Replies

i am looking for some Senior Technical Guidance from a physicist and/or engineer and/or anybody that is knowledgeable about heat pipe design ... or has taken a hack-saw to a high quality heat pipe.



here's some examples ... these heat sinks use heat pipes as part of the thermal circuit from heat source to ambient air.



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here's an excerpt from a previous post on the same subject, where i talk about the orientation of the heat pipe. (below)



basically, the heat pipes for computer heat-sink-fan assemblies are usually used in a horizontal configuration (the part that is attached to the heat sink fins is horizontal, when the heat-sink-fan is used on a computer in a tower case.)



the "dogma" among computer enthusiasts is that "it doesn't matter too much", the orientation that is.



this puts some reliance on the "wick" inside the heat pipe, in order to get the thermal resistance down to a target .14 degrees C per watt.



thinking about it from the point of view of making my own heat pipes, it seems like the placement of a wicking geometry will make it more difficult for the fluid inside the heat pipe to circulate.



any references to technical papers or web pages that go into more detail on this subject would be most appreciated !



so far i found this. the reference to usage in satellites (no gravity, no horizontal or vertical) is interesting.



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RSVP



wwswimming at yahoo dot com


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i am writing to ask for your help making sure that i am using the heat-pipe technology correctly.



in my work as an engineer, when we used the term "heat pipe" it was always for any construction that acted as a conduit for heat energy, from the heat source, to a surface closer to the "cold-plate".



now, with PC's, like this

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Noctua heat sink, i believe that the heat pipes in it are filled with some liquid. for example, ammonia, since it boils at a lower temperature. this part is my imagination - the bubbles are lighter than the surrounding liquid so they "go up". when they get to a cooler part of the envelope to which they are restricted, they experience another phase change back to liquid.



in each of those phase changes, from liquid to bubble and then from bubble to liquid, there is a latent heat of evaporation & condensation that is very effective in "moving heat".



OK but there's a big assumption in all of this - the ORIENTATION of the heat sink.



i haven't taken apart the heatsinks like the Zalman and the Thermal right and the Noctua. from the way they're pinched off, and from a lot of the posts about them, i get the conclusion that they are liquid filled and that the movement of the liquid inside the heatpipe genuinely helps heat transfer, whether or not the liquid turns into fizzy little bubbles in the process.



is the main part of this heat sink supposed to be vertical ?



this would mean that, when they are placed in a conventional tower workstation, the end of the heat pipe away from the CPU, is horizontal. so, how does the cooled-off fluid get returned to the CPU area of the heat pipe for another dose of heat ? if the heat pipe is horizontal, and it's a skinny heat pipe, it's not like pouring cold vodka into hot chocolate, in which case it mixes real quick.



so i'm wondering, since most of us computer folks are using tower cases of one kind or another, doesn't that leave these big beautiful heat sinks operating in a sub-optimal orientation, with horizontal heat pipes ?



have any of you experimented with your systems, like for example measuring CPU temperatures with the case mounted horizontally and vertically, to see if there's a difference ?



thanks for some good technical feedback. vodka-hot chocolate recipes are appreciated too. :D



I will share what little I have on heat pipes.

In order to provide thermal conductivity better than solid copper, it is necessary to operate a fluid near its change of state to gas from liquid. Water can be used - reduced pressure provides a lower operating point for temperature. A thin absorbant sheath at the inner tube surface provides a liquid path, while the center provides a gas path.

Brian Whatcott Altus OK

Micro heat pipes use surface tension to move the liquid phase in the corners of the pipe.

They don't have a wick.

Bret Cahill

I built a heat pipe that uses gravity to return the liquid for my intel Celeron 733 MHz:

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Bernhard

TOTALLY F*CKING COOL ! ! !

learn by doing.

did you do all the metal work yourself ?

regards,

WW

Bernhard Kuemel wrote:

And I learned about heat pipes only after I finished my work. That's why I called it vapor cooling and not heat pipe.

Yes, the sawing, drilling, grinding, polishing, glueing. I bought the aluminium pipe and the copper bar. Ohh, and I also cast the aluminium pieces that stopper the radiator pipe, using a piece of copper pipe as mould.

Bernhard

well, if i lived in *.at - that's austria ? - i'd invite you to come on over & have a brewski & melt some metal.

i still have most of my tools but if i fire up my kiln in the apartment i'm in now i have this idea that i'd be waving goodbye to getting my security deposit back.

i have some experience with investment casting for lost wax & vacuum casting.

i'd like to set up a larger vacuum casting set-up but not in a studio apartment !

Bernhard Kuemel wrote:

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