I wonder if the machine in the pictures does any rough cutting of the ball shape, sine there doesn't appear to be a chip in sight.
The setup pictured appears to be a finishing/polishing operation, and the toolpost appears to be a big belt sander. It looks as though the swarf is a dusty accumulation of steel particles. Then I noticed the front toolpost which does look like it's set up to do some cutting, as it looks like a compound/top slide.
The ball surface seems to be fairly well polished.
An interesting piece of machinery, as it's spinning that large part which can't be very well balanced unless maybe, some of the workholding apparatus compenstes for the imbalance.