I think the answer might depend on what tools you have on hand.
My first suggestion would be to consider that the business that was bought has customers for shorter trees or plants, and maybe you should expand into growing shorter trees and use the rods as 4 foot rods. I also suspect you have already considered that and ruled it out.
A bandsaw blade type welder is a good idea, but they are not typically designed for continuous production.
Since you say the rods are on pallets, you might try to get quotes from local shops. But if the idea is to provide some steady employment for your own workers then forget that.
I think that Peter Gray had one of the better ideas. Making a short overlap and mig welding. That kind of assumes you have a mig welder or that you would have some use for a mig welder after you have done these rods. If I were doing it, I would make a jig out of angle iron that would hold the rods and have stops so the rods could be pushed against the stops to get the overlap you want. I would run a test of some sort to see if welding on one side is adequate. I would have the work at a height so it can be done sitting down. Two pallets of rods across from the jig so rods don't have to be moved except a few inches. Preferably slight slope so the rods roll toward the jig. And then a section of roller conveyor so the completed rod can be easily slid off say to the right onto the rollers and then it would drop off onto a pallet. I would also not have anyone work more than half a day doing this, as I suspect the repeditive motion could easily lead to some sort of carpel tunnel or similar problems. Maybe you could arrange some sort of counter which might lead to some competition between workers.
Dan