Scratch-built CNC lathe with no gearbox

Oct 18, 2026 Last reply: 9 hours ago 3 Replies
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The detail that caught me off guard is that this lathe has no gearbox at all. Spindle drive is a 1.8 kW servo motor with a 1:1.5 gear reduction, the gears connected by a toothed belt. The maker says the servo was picked because thread cutting with the G33 cycle needs one, and the servo is configured through its own drive. That is a clean way to handle spindle speed on a home build.



The structure looks properly old-school. The bed is cast iron, with the rails and headstock bolted down to it. Both axes ride on linear rails, and there is a linear slide with a ball screw and an aluminum tooling plate. A central lubrication system feeds the ways, which on a machine like this seems like a very smart thing to include rather than skip.



On the working end there is a quick-change tool post and a 4-jaw chuck. Both X and Z run closed-loop steppers with encoders, and everything is controlled by LinuxCNC, currently set up as a lathe.



There is plenty still open. A mill setup with a 4th axis is planned, though whether a milling spindle actually gets added is not settled. For tool changes, the idea is a few tools in a row with a programmed change instead of a turret, and ways covers are on the list to add. I will be curious how the gang tooling approach holds up, since that seems like the boldest part of the plan to me.


Going without a gearbox and letting a 1.8 kW servo with a 1:1.5 belt reduction do the work seems like a clever call. Fewer stages to align and maintain, and the stated reason for the servo, G33 thread cutting, is a solid one. The trade-off is that a belt-linked reduction will not behave like a geared headstock under heavy cuts, so I would watch how it handles the toughest passes.

A cast iron bed is the part I am most curious about. Did the maker source it from an old manual lathe, or was it cast specially for this project? Getting rails and a headstock bolted to a proper iron bed is usually the hardest step in a build like this, so I would love to know where that piece came from.

Since ways covers are already planned, I would move them up the list. With central lubrication feeding the ways and a lathe throwing chips everywhere, uncovered rails on both axes will collect debris fast. A simple telescoping or bellows cover over each rail would protect that lubrication work and the linear rails, and it looks like an easy addition before the mill and 4th axis plans complicate things.

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