Once upon a time they were called SAE class B washers -
they have larger area for the hole size than do standard (class A) washers.
they are used for holding thin metal to shaped metal - such as sheet metal fenders to automobile frames
there are also non-SAE washers which are similiar or larger in diameter-for-hole-size than class B, but thinner: they are used in plaster, drywall, plastics, etc..
as memory serves