Advice on stringer-bead vs weaved-bead, if you could...
Often gaps - sometimes on temporary works big enough to slide your little finger in - so about 10mm (3/8th-inch) (the crew I was with could give the impression of being "ree-tards")
Stringer-ing (straight run, no weave or even any oscillation) I found I could hold 150A with 4mm (5/32nd-inch) electrodes vertical-up and other positional.
Try any weaving to gap-fill or increase bead-size, and you seem to always seem to end-up at 110A with a 3.2mm (1/8th-inch) electrode.
Throw-out "7018"-specific restriction to keep short-arc tightly covering the weld pool and I've seen up to 130A doing large rapid weaves with 3.2mm rods demonstrated to gap-fill.
Gap-filling with the 150A 4mm rod condition - as soon as the stringer-run can't bridge the gap (small!), switch the deposition to be a series of stringer-beads making a pad-weld ("buttering") the thicker / larger part, until the remaining gap can be bridged and the fillet-size built-up. So you are "striping" a lot of stringer-beads - but they are very smooth so slag flakes off with a wipe of the chipping-hammer, and you are on the 150A deposition rate - so very productive ??? And smooth, with very little effort...
Does this describe what is familiar to you?
Curious after my last job ended 3 weeks ago, I played with the transient-state heat-flow equations available (there are few(?)) - and found they do anticipate that if you stringer-bead you will be able to hold a higher Amps than if you weave. That you can hold 150A stringer and "only" 110A weaving.
I found it with the "semi-infinite body solution" - which plots "T/T_0" against "x/(2*square-root(Dt))" giving a single graph line for all situations which fit the "semi-infinite body" model. Basically, that heat is propagating out from a hot place and never reaches any boundary. Which is OK for this situation - in the seconds which matter, the heat is still racing out into "new" plate still at ambient temperature. The "t" (time) and "x" (distance) - I worked "per second", finding with 150A 4mm rod you'd be running at about 2.3mm/s making a 6mm fillet. So that's t=1 and x=2.3*10^-3m (0.0023m) - staying in SI units to avoid slip-ups. That makes "x/(2*square-root(Dt))" = 0.26, so looking-up on the graph, "T/T_0" is about 0.75. ie. about 1175C under the rod is explained by previous weld heat keeping up with you, with the arc in control of the remaining temperature from 1175C to the melting-point of steel at just over 1500C. Controlling at 150A?!
Gap-fill by weaving and given weld-bead area is a square of bead size and you can easily reduce travel-speed to a quarter or less, reducing "x/(2*square-root(Dt))" by the same amount (as "t" stays at 1s). So "T/T_0" increases much closer to 1 (unity). Which means most temperature under your rod is explained by accumulated heat, so only a small arc power can be used and keep control.
150A vs 110A ?
Anyone able to comment on this? Those calculations were a pleasant evening on the sofa for me, by the way.
Rich