I like to start making some controles like a timer, alarm, codelock, .... Isn't there any all-build-in chip which I could connect directly to:
1) a serialport of a Windows pc to program with some free basic-software
2) LED's and small reed-relai's
3) buttons
4) lcd-screen or 7segment-leds
6) 10 diget numberic keyboard
7) small beeper
8) battery
Or am I asking to much from just one IC? :)
I don't know much about electronics except using 2 transistors to burn a LED with 1 finger-contact ;-) Also I learned 10years ago something about AND, NAND, OR & NOR ports and I know some basic programming, mostly VBA.
Yes, too much from one IC. Usually microprocessors have just enough signal drive to do 5V signals (or 3.3V signals today).
1) Talking to a serial port on a PC requires handling up to +/-15V, so the RS-232 conversion is almost always done in another chip.
2) Some microprocessors have "higher" current outputs that can drive LED's. By far most don't. Almost none have enough drive capabilities to drive relays of any kind. So, to drive relays or LED's, you almost always need some kind of buffer. So you almost always need another chip.
3) Buttons are no problem. Almost all microprocessors can read buttons. Some need pull ups, but that's just a resistor.
4) LCD-Screens have their own special purpose micros built in. So almost any microprocessor can talk to an LCD-Screen. Almost no (a few rare chip) microprocessors have drivers built in for LCDs (but there are a few. So while almost any microprocessor can talk to an LCD, it almost always takes a driver software of some sorts to make it work.
7segment-leds are just lots of LEDs. See 2 above.
5) what happened to 5?
6) Almost all microprocessors can scan a keypad using their port lines. Like the LCD, it takes some software to do that.
7) Same problem as relay. Usually will be done with a buffer.
8) Almost all microprocessor can run off a battery, the issue is that a car battery, or a watch battery.
So, reviewing your question, you really haven't narrowed the field much. All the things you've asked about, almost all micros stand on nearly equal footing. All need RS-232 converters to talk to PC's. All need buffers to drive larger loads. All can hook to LCD's and keypads. Etc. You never find that all in one chip. You do find that all in many many single board computers, where a manufacturer has brought those features together, and usually there are more ports then you can do other things with as well. They probably even have documentation telling you how to hook them up.
Now, the real problem with beginners and micros, is not can it do those things. As I say, almost all of them can. 8051, Z8, 68HC11, PIC, AVR,
430, 68332, 56803, ARM, etc., etc., all good and useful microprocessors. The problem is, almost no beginner can get them to do more than one or two of those things at the same time.
Where micros separate themselves is in areas such as speed (how fast can it run?), features (how many ports do I have?) special communications (can it talk SPI, I2C, or CAN) or special features (can I control a RC Servo with it? or more importantly how about two and something else? or
20 and something else?) and the development environment (what language? or what additional languages, when I find out Basic was a worse idea than I could have ever imagined back when I was a beginner? bootloading or the like? interactive or not? background mode? monitor? etc.)
I would have thought a Basic Stamp from Parallax such as the BS2P24, would fit the bill. It complies with most of your requirements.
1)Connects to serial port of PC for programming, using free software, using a simple 'basic style' language.
2)could drive some LED's directly and with some additional componentry could be used to drive relays (ULN2803?)
3)buttons can be hooked straight up with a pull up or pull down resistor.
4)this particular model has commands for writing directly to an LCD display.
5)numeric keypads aren't particularly difficult to interface, but it could be a bit tricky for a beginner.
6)should drive a beeper without too many problems
7)can be run off a battery
Best of all there is stacks of resources on the Parallax website and a huge user base on the internet.
Only downside is that cost is a little high (IMO), but the support available and resources on the internet make it second to none for a beginner.
I have no affiliation with Parallax and have never actually owned a Basic Stamp, but this is just my 2c worth.
If you dismember alot of contemporary devices such as Telephone Keypads Printing Calculators and even some Radio controlled vehicles, this is just what you will find at the Heart of it! Unfortunately you will need several Billion (of any currency) to develop it to your needs. There are Single-chip computers around and it is up to you to add the extra four or five other black squares required to do what you want (namely interface chips). So, yes and no.
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