According to :
Well ... based on my 12x24" Clausing which has such a gear, it is found under the gear cover at the left end. On mine, there is a knurled shaft sticking out through a hole in the cover, and you grip that knurled shaft and either pull it (for "out") or push it (for "in"). You may have to rotate the spindle a little to get the teeth to line up for the last fraction of sliding gear travel.
And -- you have to have it in the "in" position to allow the gear cover on the left hand end to swing open or closed. In the "out" position, you would need to enlarge the hole though which it projects.
It may be that there is no such fitting on the lathe for which you downloaded the manual.
You may be able to get a manual for it from Clausing Service Center -- since they are a surviving part of Atlas. Call:
1-(574) 533-0371and be prepared with your lathe's model number and serial number and they can put together a photocopied matching manual for you for a nominal fee. (They also stock quite a few of the parts for these old machines.)
Good Luck, DoN.