Geoff --
Bronze and stainless turnbuckles are not my imagination. They are mentioned, favorably, in Understanding Rigs and Rigging, Richard Henderson, International Marine, 1991 and in Rod Stephens' chapter in Desirable and Undesirable Characteristics of Offshore Yachts, John Rousmaniere, ed. W.W. Norton, 1987. (I assume you know of Stephens -- Henderson wrote the USNA - Annapolis official textbook on boats, among many other things.)
Turns out, they are not gone from the market. Some current Navtec turnbuckles are stainless and bronze (the web site isn't clear, but the paper catalog is).
As for stainless screws into aluminum, I'm with you. As a whole, however, we don't have much in the way of alternatives for attaching things to masts, particularly where the mast alloy can't be welded, so you frequently see it. As you say, one of the pastes will help. Best solution is to through bolt with plastic washers, but doing that on a mast or boom can require imagination, good hands, and luck.
So, again, I would seriously consider a bronze bushing here......