Don - I didn't understand much of the telephone industry electronics either :-). Possibly some weird trick with using ferromagnetics in what is in fact a non-passive way. Were the converters by any chance unusually heavy and dense, indicating a lot of iron? Oh, never mind, everything done in the phone industry in those days was unusually heavy and dense! Modern phones just feel so cheesy!
Indeed, most Mallory automotive/truck radio vibrators that I've seen are rated for 230 Hz nominal. I think that was about the limit for the mechanical construction used. Electrolytics were not as reliable or as plentiful in those days as they are now, so anything that let them get by with smaller filter capacitors was worthwhile.
There are higher frequency tuning-fork vibrators used for DC instrument choppers... this was the 1960 timeframe. I think HP's (and others) opto-choppers took over by the 70's.
Tim.