Well known mathematics.
Or a heuristic search of 1 billion indexed web pages.
So complexity cannot be had without crashes? This simply isn't true. Even if it were true, the answer is to *decrease* the complexity.
For example, mating relationships have been made out to be more complex than they really are. The gentleman in the office across from mine has written some VB code to analyze mates and tell you the true DOF of the assembly. His humble opinion is that SW has botched mating in a variety of ways.
For CAD maybe. But then most CAD companies don't have to try very hard. A CAD company can screw things up for a long, long, long time before an appreciable number of users jump ship. Doing so is painful, simply because their data is held hostage.
Complexity does not equate to more crash-prone. Crashes are caused by design flaws. Claiming that complexity causes crashes is like suggesting that Einstein is lucky to have not poked his own eye out doing all those complex calculations with pen and paper.
Jim S.